Contingent loan (or credit) and grants
A type of pre-arranged financing whereby a loan or grant is approved in advance of a crisis and is guaranteed to be provided to a specific implementer when a specific pre-identified trigger condition is met (Centre for Disaster Protection).
The clearest picture yet of what countries actually want from pre-arranged finance and what institutional frictions slow delivery.
Read morePre-arranged financing is expanding fast, but the voices of the countries it is meant to protect are too rarely heard. This report gives the clearest picture yet of what countries actually want.
Read moreThe first cross-country evidence on what governments actually want from pre-arranged financing, drawing on evidence from nearly 250 government officials and national stakeholders.
Read moreThis working paper presents a framework that compares contingent loans, grants from multilateral development banks, catastrophe bonds, and insurance provided through regional risk pools.
Read moreThis working paper asks what is required for social protection systems to deliver timely, predictable, well-targeted and cost-effective shock response to disasters.
Read moreThis insight paper provides an overview of the key features of debt pause clauses, also known as climate resilient debt clauses.
Read moreThis brief forms part of a cross-country study on the opportunity cost of reallocating budgets in response to disasters.
Read moreInternational development financing
Public funding flows supporting development objectives in lower income countries.
Attachment point
The loss level above which a reinsurer begins paying under a reinsurance agreement.
Resilience
The ability to withstand shocks, adapt, recover and continue functioning over time.
Sovereign insurance
Sovereign insurance is insurance coverage purchased by a national government to protect its budget against the financial impacts of disasters.
Parametric insurance
Insurance that pays when an agreed indicator reaches a set level, not actual losses.
Catastrophe bond
A catastrophe bond (cat bond) is a risk-transfer financial instrument that allows governments or insurers to transfer disaster risk to capital market investors.




