Sahel

Public aid supporting development and welfare in eligible countries, usually on concessional terms.

A catastrophe bond (cat bond) is a risk-transfer financial instrument that allows governments or insurers to transfer disaster risk to capital market investors.

Social protection systems that adjust to shocks, helping vulnerable people prepare, cope and recover over time.

Underlying risks that an organisation or country is exposed to and the extent to which they are mitigated by pre-arranged finance.

Premium support is international funding to pay for insurance premiums.

High exposure to risk combined with weak capacity to cope, often leading to crisis.