Covariate shocks
Covariate shocks are those which affect many people in the same community at once; the experience of one household is highly covariate with that of other households in the community (Jalan and Ravallion 1999).
Other official flows (OOF)
Public funding supporting development that does not meet official aid definitions.
Resilience
The ability to withstand shocks, adapt, recover and continue functioning over time.
Development bank
A public financial institution providing loans, grants and expertise to support development goals.
Financial Flows
Financial flows refer to the movement of funds for disaster risk reduction (DRR) and response, covering planned and unplanned sources.
Fragility
High exposure to risk combined with weak capacity to cope, often leading to crisis.
Indemnity insurance
Insurance that pays based on assessed losses after damage to a specific asset.
