Disaster
A sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Though often caused by nature, disasters can have human origins (IFRC, n.d.).
This study analysed international financial flows to nine countries for the 18 months after recent crises to understand funding timelines and other features.
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The loss level above which a reinsurer begins paying under a reinsurance agreement.
Risk retention
When governments retain and finance disaster costs themselves.
Anticipatory Action
Actions taken before a crisis hits to prevent or reduce potential disaster impacts prior to a shock or before acute impacts are felt.
Total crisis financing
Development funding focused mainly on crisis prevention, preparedness and response activities.
Other official flows (OOF)
Public funding supporting development that does not meet official aid definitions.
Contingent liabilities
Possible financial obligations that only become real if specific future events occur.
